Solar Panels > Solar Panels eBook > Chapter 7: Installation and Maintenance of Solar Panels

Chapter 7: Installation and Maintenance of Solar Panels

Solar panels themselves are generally installed on rooftops, detached building tops or as stand-alone facilities. They can sometimes be installed away from the structure itself, as long as they are not susceptible to damage and are accessible to the sun. Any objects which could potentially block sunlight, such as tree branches, must be removed from between the panel and the incoming sunlight, and it is best to install solar panels in such an orientation as to maximize the number of hours of direct sunlight per day that they are exposed to. Solar panel installation kits frequently come with accessory equipment that enables the panel’s tilt to be adjusted accordingly.

Flush-mount solar panels are most frequently used on rooftops. They are the least expensive type of mount but offer the least flexibility in angle. Alternatively, roof-ground universal mounts can be mounted either on the rooftop or as a stand-alone structure, and thus offer an increase in flexibility relative to their flush counterparts. Finally, pole-mount solar panels come in two varieties: side-of pole or top-of-pole. Top-of-pole solar systems involve the deep placement of a ground pole, which must be done in such a way to confer very solid stability and support the weight of the solar panels. Side-of-pole mounts are frequently attached to existing utility poles. A third pole mount known as a tracking pole mount is also available. These offer a feature which tracks the movement of the sun throughout the day and positions the solar panels accordingly.

Solar panels are generally wired first to the inverter and then directed to a battery. On-grid systems also run through the utility grid electrical meter to monitor uses, deficiency and surplus of solar power generated. Installation can be performed by do-it-yourselfers or by a contractor specializing in solar power. It is generally recommended that, at the least, a licensed electrician should be consulted for wiring the system.

While solar systems are thought to require little maintenance, there are in fact certain maintenance requirements for optimal operation. For instance, while solar panels themselves have a long lifespan if properly installed and cared for, system inverters generally need replacement two or three times over the course of the solar system’s lifespan. In addition, it is critical that the panels themselves be completely weatherproof, as moisture leakage or damage can lead to rust and can destroy their function. The projected lifespan of a solar panel takes into account the normal weather in the region of installation, but exceptional weather can shorten this lifespan and the solar panel will then require replacement.

Dirt, dust, and bird droppings are among the other factors that can interfere with a panel’s ability to capture sunlight, and for optimal performance, it is recommended that solar panels be cleaned routinely. Finally, short circuits can occur when wires are damaged; this sometimes results from wires being chewed by birds, squirrels or other animals.

Occasional cleaning and inspection of solar systems can be readily performed by the homeowner. Additionally, if a solar panel or system component requires replacement, many resources are available for the do-it-yourselfer. For those who prefer to leave installation and maintenance to a professional, many contractors offer maintenance and repair programs to relieve the homeowner of these responsibilities.